Mobility Flows and Accessibility Using R and Big Open Data

3. Accessibility and its Relation to Actual Mobility

Egor Kotov

Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research

Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Johannes Mast

The German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR)

Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU)

July 21, 2025

Distance

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

Time

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

Distance based urban density

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

Time based urban density

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚗 Accessibility in 2019

Number of people reachable by 🚗 in X minutes, no traffic

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚗 Accessibility in 2019

Number of people reachable by 🚗 in X minutes, no traffic

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚗 Accessibility in 2019

Number of people reachable by 🚗 in X minutes, no traffic

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚇+🚌 Accessibility in 2019

Number of people reachable by 🚇+🚌 in X minutes, no traffic

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚇+🚌 Accessibility in 2019

Number of people reachable by 🚇+🚌 in X minutes, no traffic

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚇+🚌 Accessibility in 2019

Number of people reachable by 🚇+🚌 in X minutes, no traffic

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚗 vs 🚇+🚌 Accessibility in 2019: 30 minutes

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚗 vs 🚇+🚌 Accessibility in 2019: 50 minutes

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

🚗 vs 🚇+🚌 Accessibility in 2019: 30 vs 70 minutes

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

Variations in accessibility

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov and Ruslan Goncharov

Variations in accessibility by time of day

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov and Ruslan Goncharov

Time based urban density

Calculations and images by Egor Kotov

Transport Poverty Hub

CC BY 4.0, Transport poverty hub

Transport Poverty Hub

Accessibility (Opportunities) with Public Transport

CC BY-SA 4.0, Transport poverty hub

Transport Poverty Hub

Accessibility (Opportunities) with Public Transport in Norrköping

CC BY-SA 4.0, Transport poverty hub

Transport Poverty Hub

Accessibility (Opportunities) with Public Transport in Madrid

CC BY-SA 4.0, Transport poverty hub

A few words about rasters

Raster geospatial data

Ldecola, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Raster geospatial data

Raster geospatial data cube

Image: Pebesma E, Bivand R (2023). Spatial Data Science: With applications in R. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London. doi:10.1201/9780429459016, https://r-spatial.org/book/. Warning, the image license is Apache.

References

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